| System | Heating | Cooling | Total/Year |
|---|---|---|---|
| Heat Pump (recommended) | - | - | - |
| Gas Furnace + Central AC | - | - | - |
| Electric Resistance + AC | - | - | - |
* Estimates assume $0.14/kWh electricity, $1.20/therm gas. Actual costs vary by location and utility rates.
The most common type. Transfers heat between indoor and outdoor air. Works well in climate zones 1-5. Modern cold-climate models (with variable-speed compressors) perform efficiently down to -15F. Installation cost: $4,000-$8,000. Best for most homes as a direct replacement for traditional HVAC.
Uses underground loops to exchange heat with the earth (55F year-round). 30-60% more efficient than air-source. Excellent for all climate zones including 6-7. Installation cost: $15,000-$35,000 (includes ground loop). Higher upfront cost but lowest operating cost and 25+ year lifespan. Federal tax credits (30% IRA) can offset cost significantly.
Individual wall-mounted units, no ductwork needed. Ideal for additions, older homes without ducts, or zone-by-zone control. Each head handles 6,000-18,000 BTU. Installation: $3,000-$5,000 per zone. Most efficient option for targeted heating/cooling since there are zero duct losses.